Power and Leadership - 2618 Words

Power and Leadership The topic that I chose for my semester project is Power and Leadership. The main points within the main subject I am focusing on are Power in Organizations, Sources of Power, The Dark Side of Power, and Empowerment. I will define each, apply them to every day business situations and theoretically analyze the context. The topics that I have chosen will give good insight to what Power and leadership really are and how they are used in are everyday businesses organizations to give a general understanding of what it means to be powerful. The first topic that I have chosen is Power in Organizations. Power is the ability of one person to influence another. They can use this power to become leaders and to manage†¦show more content†¦Power should be equally distributed throughout, with the exception of the authority figures. If companies didnt have CEOs or managers, there would be too many power starving people and much more chaos. They keep the business flow organized. They make sure that their employees follow through with their jobs and support the businesss purpose. Within distribution of power, there are differences in the ways cultures view its importance. For example, in some cultures the implementation of power sharing is likely to face more obstacles in a culture where sub ordinance do not rely heavily on their superiors. (pg.99) This is contrary to the common culture that most of us know in our world. For example, in the United States, people would be more likely to respond to managers that they favor or take liking to. On the contrary, people in countries over seas would be more prone to follow directions that are given by managers who have legitimate power or authority. This goes to show how cultural influence has not only an obvious affect, but a psychological one as well. It can propose ideas that need to be honored because the culture believes that it is a better way of doing things. They believe that if they perform a certain way, they are doing things the best way. Within power in leadership, I have stated the reasonsShow MoreRelatedPower Leadership : Power And Leadership846 Words   |  4 PagesPower and Leadership This week, the author provided various kinds of powers in leadership as a tactics in order to influence their followers. The positions of power include legitimate, reward, coercive, expert and referent power. Having a legitimate power means the leaders are aware of their current position as their manager or supervisor and therefore their employees must follow their leadership. Leaders use reward power to control their followers by providing incentives or rewards such as promotionRead MoreLeadership And Power And Leadership1313 Words   |  6 Pages Leadership and Power (MICROSOFT) Bhaumik Oza BUS-567 Introduction Leadership is the ability of an individual to Lead or guide the other team of individuals, or an entire organization. The leader should have research skills as well as Practical skills and should have high ability of managing and executing the tasks. The qualities of an effective leadership can be use of superior mental energies and motivational powers to make their teams encouraged and determined to perform. According toRead MoreLeadership and Power1689 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Power is a fascinating concept. Babies experience power related to obtaining nourishment and comfort; adults recognize how power affects their jobs, lifestyle and relationships. Sometimes, giving away power means you get more. Sometimes delineating your power boundaries is necessary for survival. That is why power is paradoxical its outcomes are counterintuitive to the inputs. The law of attraction suggests a principle of cause and effect that you influence your own reality and the responsesRead MoreLeadership Power10268 Words   |  42 PagesReport: Leadership, Power Influence. {draw:frame} Which form of power has the best influence on effective leadership? Word count: 2,746 Executive Summary Leadership, power and influence is a theme within management that is constantly developing overtime. Leaders are continuously developing new and innovative ways to empower their followers in order to get the best out of them. For the purpose of this report, we have decided to look at the assumption that leadership is basedRead MoreLeadership Power10259 Words   |  42 Pages Leadership, Power Influence. {draw:frame} Which form of power has the best influence on effective leadership? Word count: 2,746 Executive Summary Leadership, power and influence is a theme within management that is constantly developing overtime. Leaders are continuously developing new and innovative ways to empower their followers in order to get the best out of them. For the purpose of this report, we have decided to look at the assumption that leadership is basedRead MorePower Of Leadership : Reward Power937 Words   |  4 PagesPower: Effectiveness in Leadership. Reward Power can be gained from one s capacity to reward compliance. Reward power is used to support legitimate power. When someone is rewarded or might receive a potential reward such as through recognition, a good job assignment, a pay rise, or additional resources to complete a job, the employee may respond in kind by carrying through with orders, requests and directions, according to Gibson et al. (1991:331). Reward power is a powerful motivator in the workplaceRead MorePower And Leadership Influence On Leadership Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesTutor: Date: Power and Leadership Influence Introduction Leadership has been a topic that has been researched for a long time in many disciplines. Leadership as a personality focuses on the characteristics of an individual that gives them power to act as leaders. There is leadership as an attribution this approach views leadership as phenomenon that causes group of followers to have outcomes.(Wu et al, 2010, 90).Researchers have used the following approaches to study leadership; they are mainlyRead MoreManagement, Power, And Leadership1560 Words   |  7 PagesManagement, power and leadership all in one way or the other add up to the same thing. This is because for each of the terminologies to be effected as require, power is vital. Despite the fact that any individual can possess power and not be in leadership, the reverse is not the case; one cannot be a leader and not possess power (Sarkissian, 2010). In the same way managers and CEOs for organizations need to possess some degree of power, better still authority for them to perform th eir duties effectivelyRead MoreThe Power Of Servant Leadership1312 Words   |  6 PagesThe Power of Servant Leadership Many individuals placed in positions of authority become less mindful of others feelings and needs; meanwhile, their subordinates devote tremendous energy to watching and interpreting the actions of their leaders and the end result is a toxic tandem where employees feel underappreciated and over controlled (Marquis Houston, 2015). This statement presents a problem in the work force today that needs to be combated by a different type of leadership than most are usedRead MoreThe Between Power And Leadership1422 Words   |  6 Pagesgovernment procedures have been executed across the world, many of which begin within the roots of an individual in power. In response to these catastrophes, many are searching for answers as to how these disasters were instantiated, and how the correlation between power and leadership influence the outcome of atrocities evolving around the world. Based on the evidence, power and leadership are dissimilar due to the fact that both methods of ruling wage o pposing levels of intimacy to their communities

The Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century - 851 Words

Since the emergence of man, the human race has gone through many changes throughout the time and history. One of the greatest and most crucial changes for today’s modern society was the Industrial Revolution. The Industrial Revolution brought many changes to the societies that experienced the process of industrialization. Some of the changes benefited society, while others caused harm to most of the society. Most affected by these changes was the working class of these societies. The Industrial Revolution that took place throughout the 18th and the 19th centuries had major effects which influenced every aspect of society and life such as, urbanization, imperialism and nationalism. The main problems of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe by the 1840s were Pollution, unsafe, dirty, long working hours, never any breaks. Machinery very unsafe. Life threatening injuries. Cheaper to have children work and they were easier to control. The ideals liberalism of better addressed the problems of the Industrial revolution then those of the socialism. In Factory Rules in Berlin, it states that workers should start working promptly at their designated times, and if they weren t promptly on time their wages would get cut (Factory Rules in Berlin 152). Here it shows that these Entrepreneurs were very rigid about their work. They wanted their workers to work according to their rules and there weren t any laws that protected the workers. The workers were treated as if they wereShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1468 Words   |  6 Pages The industrial revolution began in the 18th and 19th centuries. During this time most people lived on farms or in small rural villages. Prior to the industrial revolution most manufacturing was done in homes using hand tools and simple basic machines. People lived where their daily existences revolved around farming. Life for the average person was difficult, as incomes were meager, and malnourishm ent and disease were common. People produced the bulk of their own food, clothing, furniture and toolsRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1521 Words   |  7 PagesThe Industrial Revolution was an important milestone in history and influenced almost every part of the standard of living. From the new discoveries in technology there became new jobs available, which presented new working conditions, and the middle class had a new outlook on life. During the 19th century, changes and new ideas formed what would advance the modern world, the shift from an agricultural and handmade economy to a machine and manufactured one (Judge 664). Goods like coal, iron, andRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century973 Words   |  4 Pages The industrial revolution was a time of urbanisation, social and technological change that took place during the 18th and 19th centuries. Economic growth changed the British peoples experiences in all aspects of their lives including how they worked and travelled. Although it was harsh period of time for millions of people, due to the working conditions, it was also an advantage as it was a world-changing period of time. Before the industrial revolution took place, people lived their lives in aRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century955 Words   |  4 PagesIn the late 18th and early 19th centuries Europe found itself dealing with vast changes in its way of life. The Industrial Revolution took Europeans from the rural countryside into the urban powerhouses as the continent experienced a sudden shift in everyday living, economic structure, and social hierarchy. This sudden change in how Europe was ran from an economic standpoint caused yet another rift between the proletariats and bourgeoisies. Life became difficult for the newly founded working classRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century2363 Words   |  10 PagesDuring the late 1800s and early 1900s, the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain, and the working class worked tirelessly to produce products. Textiles were made faster and cheaper, food was more abundant, and the standard of living increased for many people. To industrialize Great Britain, laborers worked in factories and mills under horrible conditions. Despite attempts by Parliament to address problems with the factories’ working conditions through the passage of new legislation, theirRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century1161 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the 18th to the 19th centuries, Britain was a far more developed country than any others in the world. There are more than one factor that made the Industrial Revolution happened first in Britain, some examples are: The Agri cultural Revolution, the growth of population, The Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution, World Trading, and the Cottage Industry. With all those factors, it comes down to: What started the Industrial Revolution? The clothe industry was one of the big factor. UnlikeRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesThe Industrial Revolution occurred in Britain from 1760 to 1840. During this time many people moved from farming areas to the city for work. Britain had three different classes, upper, middle and working/lower. These three classes had different living and working conditions. The lower class had the harshest conditions and punishments out of the three, they worked 12 hours a day and then went home to a crowded diseased ridden house late a night. The middle class actually benefitted from the revolutionRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During Mid 19th Century843 Words   |  4 PagesWith the Industrial Revolution at its dawn during mid-19th century, England’s Northern towns and cities began to alter drastically as advances in science and technology were p roceeding to reshape the world. Beyond just transforming the society and its culture; industry, technology, and commerce, as agents of reforming the old social order, brought an immense demand for the urbanization of towns and cities. Consequently, the cities of Northern England went through an architectural metamorphosis ofRead MoreThe First Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century Essay1889 Words   |  8 PagesFirst Industrial Revolution started prior to the 18th century in the 1700’s. The prior events that started up the industrial revolution began with some innovations that were very basic, but are key to the rise of the revolution. These were small hand tools, which had been created to work on houses/barns, live stalk, and so on. The most basic machines were invented in this time too, but giving the time for a revolution to appear through these new ideas that had been created. The first Industrial RevolutionRead MoreA Brief Note On The Industrial Revolution During The 19th Century910 Words   |  4 Pages(Isolationism) During which of 1543-1616 Tokugawa Ieyasu isolated the island. In 1614 he dealt with the idea of Christianity he made it illegal. He deported all of the priest off the island. His grandson actually made it forbidden for any Japanese people from leaving the country as well as coming back to the country. He also made it forbidden for any western missionaries from coming back into the country as well. (Industrial revolution) The industrial revolution started in Britain in the 18th century. The

The Reinvention Of Confucianism In Northeast Asian free essay sample

Societies Essay, Research Paper Subject: International Relations of Northeast Asia Coach: Date: Essay Title: # 8216 ; Confucianism in North-East Asia # 8217 ; Question: Word Length: 3132 The followers is an scrutiny of Confucianism is Northeast Asiatic provinces. In peculiar the essay will concentrate on China, Japan, South Korea and Taiwan in an scrutiny of how each of these provinces has separately adapted and reinvented Confucian ideals and impressions to function the specific fortunes of each province. The essay will follow the reinvention and subsequent development of what can be termed # 8216 ; neo-Confucianism # 8217 ; as an assistance or hinderance in the economic development of each province. There are clear forms that emerge in the scrutiny of Confucianism in Northeast Asia chiefly refering the usage of Confucianism as a convenient label, peculiarly by Western bookmans to depict and explicate the economic success and dynamism of East Asiatic economic systems without paying mention to the peculiar fortunes under which industrialisation took topographic point. Second, how within the provinces themselves, Confucianism has been reinvented clip and clip once more in different and alone signifiers to function the map of giving legitimacy to the government in power and apologize it actions in power every bit good as the agencies with which power is preserved. At the same clip, Confucianism has offered many advantages to Northeast Asian states # 8211 ; in an altered form- in prosecuting industrialisation and capitalist modernisation in the station World War II period. In analyzing this phenomenon it is of import to pay peculiar attending to the deep separation between Confucian political orientation or societal doctrine and how it was used in pattern every bit good as the grade of influence Confucianism had in the development of those provinces. It is possibly best to get down the scrutiny with a wide lineation of what Confucianism as a societal doctrine is, its political significance and why it has been taken up as an political orientation. As an ethical system Confucianism is concerned with right dealingss between higher-ups and inferiors and emphasiss common duties, such as right illustration on the portion of the former and trueness on the portion of the latter. Individualism is subordinated to harmony within a group ; the household was traditionally the paramount societal group. It has a strong accent on order, stableness, hierarchy and filial piousness. It is male-centric and elitist in nature. A clear societal hierarchy emerged in Imperial Chinese society with the Emperor and his immediate household at the top. Under him were the # 8217 ; scholar aristocracy # 8217 ; , who became the administrative elite. Below was the warrior caste, followed by the land # 8211 ; proprietors ( whose boies made up the warrior caste ) , so followed by the peasantry and eventually, at the underside were the merchandisers. Over clip, the societal doctrine of Confucianism merged into a sort of civic-religion that has existed in East Asiatic societies to the present clip. In authorities, Confucianism supports # 8220 ; enlightened autocratic regulation # 8221 ; by a centralised bureaucratism, non popular democracy. In traditional Confucian societies, authorities was supposed to be the modesty of an educated bureaucratism, viz. the # 8217 ; scholar aristocracy # 8217 ; . In Confucian doctrine, a cardinal dogma is the # 8216 ; authorization of Eden # 8217 ; given to the emperor or leader which can be lost but non in tandem with bing societal order. As such Confucianism in it original signifier can neer truly be radical. Having outlined the basic dogmas of Confucianism, how was it adapted applied to Northeast Asia in a modern-day sense? We can analyze this by following the # 8216 ; re-invention of Confucianism # 8217 ; within each of the above mentioned Northeast Asiatic provinces separately. At the same clip we can analyze what the societal doctrine of Confucianism can and has offered these provinces in helping and bettering the industrialisation and modernisation procedures. It is appropriate to get down with China as Confucianism is an autochthonal merchandise of the state. Confucianism in China is besides the most complex and contradictory of the Confucian provinces both in footings of its economic development and the altering function that Confucianism has played in China. At the same clip China is possibly the best illustration of how Confucianism has been reinvented and used to function the terminals of its reigning leaders. As Chan points out ; there has been a # 8220 ; periodic demand on the service of Confucianism in Chinese history # 8221 ; .2 This can be seen in the regulating patterns from the Qing dynasty to Mao Zedong, and soon with Deng Xiaoping. Here we will get down with the contradictions of Communist regulation in China. Lucian W. Pye in his scrutiny of Confucianism in East Asiatic societies gives us the cultural dimensions of Chinese society, based on Confucianism which gives China its specific arrested development with its leaders and how they # 8220 ; reign # 8221 ; instead than efficaciously regulation or govern. China more so t han any other of the Asian provinces has been unable to efficaciously accommodate Confucianism to go useful in accomplishing modernisation and industrialisation. The chief grounds for this are foremost China # 8217 ; s quandary with power which historically can merely be expressed in moralistic footings and secondly seeing dealingss ever in hierarchal footings and imputing about limitless possible to those at the top.3 Power as ritual or position with the leader being the centre of all and an terminal unto himself, incarnating the whole collective has meant that China has had serious jobs in traveling toward modernisation. With the coming of Communism in 1949, Confucianism was apparently rejected every bit valueless as a societal doctrine in favor of Mao-Zedong idea. However in world it may be said that Mao himself became the New Emperor, having the authorization of Eden. Surely his societal policies of the # 8220 ; Great Leap Forward # 8221 ; and the # 8220 ; Cultural Revolutio n # 8221 ; bespeak this. Mao sought what Lifton described as # 8220 ; radical immortality # 8221 ; . The Chinese people accepted the leader # 8217 ; s vision of a bright tomorrow unquestioningly. The Chinese have a alone inclination or psychological coterie which Pye calls the # 8220 ; pleasance of suspending incredulity # 8221 ; .4 Lifton notes with respect to the # 8220 ; immortalization of [ Mao s ] words # 8221 ; how # 8220 ; the leaders words have become vehicles for promoting him, during his life-time, to a topographic point above the province itself or its institutional beginning of pureness and power, in this instance the party # 8221 ; .4 Thus the hyperbole of the # 8220 ; great adult male as leader # 8221 ; and who is an elaboration of the # 8220 ; Confucian theoretical account of the male parent as the ultimate authorization in the household # 8221 ; demonstrates how political orientation is divorced from world in China and in peculiar, in its Confucian trad ition. Under communism Mao was basically the Emperor, the ruddy ground forces could be seen as the warrior caste with the administrative bureaucratism of the CCP as the bookman aristocracy and eventually below them the provincials. This demonstrates how deep # 8211 ; rooted traditional Chinese societal hierarchy is. The communist revolution and the # 8220 ; socialist province # 8221 ; that ensued really much resemble imperial China in world. This may be attribute to what Pye sees as a close psychological fright of societal confusion or upset in Chinese society which makes them hunger a leader who unifies the state by his really presence.5 In China the supplication of Confucianism has been inherently negative an smothering toward any motion for modernisation. This is mostly based on China # 8217 ; s inability to accommodate Confucianism to function as a useful instead than symbolic and conservative force every bit good as its inclination to concentrate on political orientation and symbol ism without existent content. The same can be seen in modern-day China under the leading of Deng Xiaoping. His plan of opening up China under the motto of # 8220 ; it is glorious to be rich # 8221 ; has one time once more seen the supplication of Confucianism inefficaciously simply as a legitimizing agent. Deng has invoked Confucianism within the context of promoting people to # 8220 ; leap into the sea # 8221 ; to go rich and set a Confucian illustration to others. In this sense Confucian familial traditions can be effectual in accomplishing those terminals ; for illustration using household nest eggs or recognition from relations every bit good as infinite otherwise available for household life in other words the # 8216 ; household theoretical account # 8217 ; applied to larger economic chases. However ; how are these chases reconciled with the official party political orientation of Marxism-Leninism? Recent developments in China such as the re-emergence of multiple agencies of ownership and production, the stock exchanges and other capitalist developments can non be justified in footings of official party political orientation. Therefore, harmonizing to Chan, the # 8220 ; political and economic policies being pursued in Deng # 8217 ; s China necessitated another principle for its legitimization # 8230 ; it would look that Confucianism has been one time once more called upon to carry through this need.7 In add-on other # 8220 ; Confucian States # 8221 ; are pointed to as illustrations of economic success without any respect given to the world of what their development entailed. There is a farther sarcasm in this naming up or re-inventing of Confucianism to function the intent of the authorities. A recent book published by He Quinglian, entitled # 8220 ; China # 8217 ; s Pitfall # 8221 ; examines how Deng Xiaoping # 8217 ; s urban reforms has basically led to profiting a limited figure of people, who thanks to their place ( normally within the party ) , have plundered the public good # 8211 ; the nest eggs of the multitudes and the environment. Through what she has called the # 8220 ; marketization of power # 8221 ; there has been an addition in the figure and heists and sordid agencies to accomplish wealth every bit good an addition in corruptness. In her position this procedure has led to an forsaking of duty and political cronyism. In her words. # 8220 ; the championing of money as a value has neer earlier reached the point of keeping all moral regulations in disdain # 8221 ; and the # 8220 ; economic good religion [ of China ] has been compromi sed # 8221 ; .8 This added with the household orientated consumerism, the creative activity of a # 8216 ; neuveaux rich # 8217 ; , increased accent on # 8217 ; sign value # 8217 ; , schools for the nobility and environmental debasement has straight distorted Confucianism if non undermined it wholly with regard to traditional moral criterions which are at the bosom of the philosophy.9 In China it seems that Confucianism is ever called upon to make a # 8216 ; fig foliage legitimacy # 8217 ; to whatever agenda the authorities is forcing, no affair how contradictory. China, more specifically, does non look to be able to name upon the good facets of Confucianism to assistance in it development. In China what we see is decidedly non an flowering of Confucian traditions but instead a convenient usage to give legitimacy to any docket. As such China can non be regarded as a Confucian province while at the same clip non being able to get away the booby traps of Confucian hierarchal agreements which breed inequality. Japan on the other manus can be seen as a province that has used and altered Confucianism as a societal doctrine while at the same clip being able to accommodate some of the contradictions which their Chinese opposite numbers have non been able to get the better of. Japan has non merely been able to efficaciously re-invent Confucianism to help it in some manner in going an economic example in the part and the universe, but it has besides been able to unite what can be called # 8220 ; merchandiser Confucianism # 8221 ; with the best of Western patterns. This besides has to be understood within the context of the peculiar fortunes, following World War II, which p ushed Japan by necessity to economic Reconstruction and advanced modernisation. In Japan, unlike in China, Merchant values became elevated and Confucianized instead than denigrated. As Pye points out, the Nipponeses turned to Confucianism with a wholly different principle: # 8220 ; the Nipponese therefore turned to Confucian regulations of moral subject and ethical jussive moods into guidelines for aggressive action, both for the samurai warrior in doing war and the chonin merchandiser in doing money # 8221 ; . 10 As such the Nipponese linked Confucian values to accomplishing stuff success. The other benefit imported from Confucianism and adapted specifically by the Japanese is its ability to harmonise power and trueness with aggressive fight. This was the indispensable dogma that has aided Japan from an economic development point of position. The blending of feudal system and Confucianism produced a more purposeful, end -directed construct of power in Japan than in the bureaucratic # 8220 ; virtuocracy # 8221 ; of either imperial or Maoist China.11 Essentia lly the Nipponeses have been able to maximise trueness and competitory competency which aided its economic development. The Japanese actively sought to happen the best patterns universe broad and utilize and better them, they besides saw this usage of Confucianism a means non merely to face the West but to crush it on its ain ground.12 In Japan, Confucianism was evoked to asseverate Nipponese high quality and Nationalism. It has been successful in this respect and it is small admiration that Western Scholars and faculty members have attributed the economic success of Japan and other Newly Industrialized Countries ( NICs ) to some built-in quality based on Confucian values, lest they may be forced to acknowledge that they were beaten at their ain game. The economic success of Japan and the # 8216 ; mini-dragons # 8217 ; can be more accurately attributed to the station World War II context. The function Japan played in the American containment scheme is cardinal. Japan # 8217 ; s # 8216 ; Peace Constitution # 8217 ; with the celebrated Article 9 abdicating war meant that external security was no lo nger a concern for Japan as the United States took on the function. The American assistance and domestic markets were opened and extended to Japan. The coming of the Korean war besides facilitated this procedure as did the demands originating from the Vietnam war a decennary later.12 Surely Confucian values, unique to Japan, have been moved from the # 8216 ; household theoretical account # 8217 ; to the industrial sector and values such as worker trueness, and the dependence on higher-ups in Nipponese society, but at the same clip one must non ignore the specific fortunes and timing of the Nipponese entry into industrialisation. However at the same clip the function of the Nipponese Zaibatsu or immense industrial pudding stones and the nature of the Nipponese Industrial landscape with corporatised brotherhoods, worker trueness all suggest an implicit in # 8216 ; Neo-Confucian # 8217 ; value system within the states economic and concern dealingss. It could be said that the Zaibatsu have been given a sort of economic # 8216 ; authorization of Eden # 8217 ; such is their domination of the economic landscape. Japan, as such, can be seen as the most Confucian society in the modern sense. Korea and Taiwan can be examined in tandem for the similarities in their economic development are many. They are besides considered the little Confucian provinces who were really much shaped by non merely their larger neighbors of Japan and China severally ; but besides by US presence in the part during the cold war. There are alone versions of Confucian traditions present in each of the provinces. Korea has developed into a bold # 8220 ; hazard taking civilization # 8221 ; with a strong component of # 8220 ; societal solidarity # 8221 ; . Korea has combined the sense of purpose of the Nipponese theoretical account with the elitist sense of virtuousness of the Chinese seen in their Yangban category or Chaebol ( immense pudding stones ) . There are strong elements of # 8220 ; virtuocracy # 8221 ; which has created an insecurity that in bend produced a people who were self starters.18 However the context in which these economic systems flourished is a more of import factor in analyzing the success. Within the cold war and post-cold war contexts both provinces received tremendous sums of US assistance while playing functions in the scheme of containment. The US to a greater extent shaped the economic landscapes of both economic systems through originating land reform and export-led economic growing. There were monolithic extracts of US economic assistance that opened markets for Taiwan makers. In Korea the successful version of Nipponese methods. That is, the province guaranteed inexpensive credits to the industrial pudding stones if they would prosecute state-determined lines of growing and development. The same could be said of Taiwan. These factors combined with Authoritarian manners of authorities by Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan and Park Chung-hee in Korea suggests that instead than imputing the success to the benefits of Confucianism, it was a typical state-direc ted or bid capitalist economy which ab initio introduced from the exterior by US force per unit areas and aid.19 At the same clip Confucianism was invoke by both Chiang Kai-shek and Park Chung-hee as a # 8216 ; fig foliage for legitimacy # 8217 ; as the legitimacy of their regulation was a debatable factor in the procedure of societal, political and economic development. Once once more we see the usage of traditional Confucian values called upon by leaders at their convenience in order to asseverate some legitimacy. Therefore there seem to be two schools of idea with regard to the thought that Confucianism either assistance or impedes economic development of Northeast Asiatic economic systems. The first is the place taken by American based bookmans such as Rodercick MaFarquhar and Tu Wei-ming which suggest that Confucianism has been helpful in Advancing these states economically and as such there is an # 8220 ; Asian model # 8221 ; which is an alternate to the West. MaFarquhar points out that # 8220 ; if Western individuality was appropriate for the pioneering period of industrialisation, possibly post-Confucian Bolshevism is better suited for the age of mass industrialization.14 Tu Wei-ming points to the manner Confucianism can be used to get the better of # 8220 ; the lacks of capitalist economy in the West # 8221 ; such as societal division. However Dirlik points out that such accounts chiefly come from the West and largely from the United States such that the most recent re-invention ma y in fact be and # 8216 ; American Confucianism # 8217 ; .15 The other school of though neglects Confucianism as an account for the rapid industrialisation and economic success of East Asiatic Economies stating that establishment builders reinvented Confucianism, raising it to win worker truenesss at a low cost. The world was the outgrowth of # 8217 ; strong centralist province governments # 8217 ; or dictatorship in a post-war context. This system of strong province regulative systems was effectual in conveying about a state-induced capitalist economy. As Petras explains the # 8220 ; the community cooperation and export fight were attributed to Confucianism [ retrospectively ] # 8230 ; .the important fact is that this societal order came together in a peculiar historical moment- station radical Asia- was forgotten.16 A complete neglect of the influence of Confucian civilization is likely no more appropriate in explicating the success of East Asiatic economic success than imputing it entirely to Confucianism. A more appropriate account is what Dirlik footings the # 8220 ; circumstantial map of Confucian values # 8221 ; , that is, # 8220 ; Confucianism as a factor that can be a positive force for development when the right set of structural conditions and economic policies are besides present.17 This place fundamentally explains the function of Confucianism and what it has offered Asiatic societies in circumstantial footings such that while Confucianism may non hold been contributing to the outgrowth of capitalist economy, it may play a positive function one time capitalist economy has been introduced from the exterior. This is clearly the instance when observing China # 8217 ; s failure or Confucianism as a hinderance to development every bit good as Japan, South Korea and Taiwan who capitalist economy was introduced from the exterior. Taiwan has besides developed a useful signifier of Confucianism in the Nipponese line and prospered economically unlike the mainland. From the above scrutiny it can therefore be said that Confucianism does hold a useful every bit good as a power map. It can be used to heighten the effectivity of capitalist provinces once it has been introduced externally such as Japan has but more frequently it has been re-invented clip and clip once more by leaders of assorted East Asiatic provinces to supply or give legitimacy to whatever agenda they are prosecuting. At the same clip Confucian # 8220 ; virtuocracy # 8221 ; and a focal point on the symbolic and position elements of the societal doctrine can be a hinderance for development as has been the instance with China. Confucianism does hold a positive function to play in the development of East Asian provinces provided is carefully adapted and changed to function a useful intent instead than being an terminal unto itself and smothering societal patterned advance and mobility. More accurately, one must analyze the peculiar context in which Confucianism is called upon to find how effectual it is as a societal policy or political orientation. The key in analyzing this is to find the spread between the political orientation of Confucianism as called upon by a peculiar leader, and the world of its application and usage by society. In China the spread is great and has therefore meant Confucianism has been a hinderance to modernisation. In Japan, the spread is non great and Confucianism serves a constructive function within Nipponese societal and economic dealingss. In Korea and Taiwan the spread is non so great but the context in which each economic system developed and is ensured agencies that Confucia nism still plays a useful map in each society. 1. Binyan L and Link P. , A Great Leap Backward? ( New York Review of Books, Oct 8, 1998 ) 2. Borthwick M. , Pacific Century: The Emergence of Modern Pacific Asia, ( Allen A ; Unwin, 1992 ) . 3. Chan A. , Confucianism and Development in East Asia, ( Journal of Contemporary Asia, vol.26 No.1, 1996 ) 4. Clemens W. C. , China: Alternate Futures, ( Communist and Post-communist Surveies 32, 1999 ) . 5. Deyo F. C. , The Political Economy of the New Asian Industrialism, ( Cornell University Press, 1994 ) . 6. Dirlik A. , Confucius in the Borderlands: Global Capitalism and the Reinvention of Confucianism, ( Boundary, 2:22:3, 1995, pp 229-273 ) 7. Godement F. , The New Asia Renaissance: From Colonialism to the Post Cold War, ( Routledge London As ; New York, 1997 ) . 8. Lifton R. J. , Revolutionary Immortality: Mao Tse-Tung and The Chinese Cultural Revolution, ( Pelican Publishing, 1970 ) . 9. Mackerras C. , Knight N ( explosive detection systems ) , Marxism In Asia, ( Croom Helm, London A ; Sydney, 1985 ) . 10. Mendle Wolf, Japan # 8217 ; s Asia Policy: Regional, Security, Global Interests, ( Routledge, London, New York, 1995 ) 11. Petras J. , The Americanization of Asia: The Rise and Fall of a Civilization, ( Journal of Contemporary Asia, vol.28, No.2, 1998 ) 12. Pye L. W. , Asiatic Power and Politicss: The Cultural Dimensions of Authority, ( Harvard University Press, 1985 ) . 13. Yahuda M. , The International Relations of the Asia-Pacific, 1945-1995, ( Routledge, 1998 ) 14. Zhao B. , Consumerism, Confucianism, Communism: Making Sense of China Today, ( New Left Review No. 69, April-May, 1997 ) .3

The Dangers of Texting While Driving Essay Example For Students

The Dangers of Texting While Driving Essay Texting while driving is a widespread epidemic in the United States that has unfavorable effects on our society.â€Å"Driving while texting is the standard wording used for traffic violations† (Bernstein). It causes many people to be distracted which can lead to accidents. â€Å"Eighty-nine percent of people own a cell phone† (Gardner). That is a plethora of people that are at risk of texting while driving. Also, texting has increased by ten times in three years(Bernstein). â€Å"The risk of a crash for those who are texting is twenty-three point two times greater than those who are not† (Gardner).Driving drunk only makes a person seven times more likely to be in a crash (Bernstein). This means texting while driving is three times more dangerous than driving intoxicated. One in five drivers admits to texting while driving(Gardner). This shows that that texting while driving is a widespread epidemic. When a survey asked teenagers whether they text and drive, "seventy five percent of teens admitted to texting while driving† (7).Distracted driving causes seventy-eight percent of car crashes(Bernstein). â€Å"No distraction causes as high of a risk of an accident as texting while driving† (Gardner). Also with these statistics, it is not hard to understand why accidents in teenagers that are driving have risen. The Bluetooth capability in cars gives a driver a hands-free way to talk on the phone, but is still not completely safe (8). Also, only 1 out of 3 US cars sold in 2009 had this feature. New systems are being developed that will use Bluetooth as well a global positioning technology to allow parents to monitor cell phone use and texting while driving (10). We will write a custom essay on The Dangers of Texting While Driving specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The physical effects of people texting while driving that is involved in a crash can be deadly. Broken bones, bruises, cuts and head trauma can be possibilities when involved in a car crash from texting. Head-on crashes are more likely when people are texting because the car can easily move over into the other lane while a person has their head down. â€Å"Madison said,’ I looked down to text, then I looked up and I was off the road.’† (9). Head-on crashes can increase the severity of injuries because of the impact.Texting while driving increases the frequency of accidents and the severity of injuries(Gardner). Having one hand off the wheel can also make it difficult to control the vehicle. Another source stated texting while driving requires at least one hand to be off the wheel (Gardner). â€Å" A young boy also said, ‘My dad drives like he’s drunk, his phone is just sitting right in front of his face and he puts his knees on the bottom of the ste ering wheel and tries to text’† (Gardner). In this case the person did not have any hands on the wheel; the man is using his knees to drive. Young drivers are still learning the basics of driving. They do not have experience behind the wheel and do not know how to react to different driving situations because of lack of experience. These drivers do not need extra risks for causing accidents. Additionally, a driving simulator, which is a small machine, can show teenagers what it is like to text and drive without injury.It also serves to educate the students on the dangers of texting while driving. â€Å"A local policeman said,’We are trying to give people the opportunity to realize the risks without having to go to the hospital’† (7).All driving teenagers should have the chance to experience the driving simulator. It may prevent a false sense of confidence in teenagers that think they are capable of driving and texting without causing an accident. ATT also showed a powerful documentary at the simulator seminar called The Last Text(7). This shows that even large companies realize the magnitude of the pr oblem at hand. Having a phone company who provides cell phones to teenagers to show this to teenagers is a step in the right direction. Many phone companies are creating auto reply messages to alert someone that a person is driving (7). Finally, â€Å"ATT’s slogan is ‘it can wait’ and the motto is ‘No text is worth dying for’† (7). .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 , .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 .postImageUrl , .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 , .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1:hover , .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1:visited , .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1:active { border:0!important; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1:active , .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1 .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f17c7ba2c3d485bd90d752f3012f9a1:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Cellphones Is An Expert At Distracted Driving EssayThe mental effects of people texting can also be dangerous as well. When a person is trying to text and drive, it causes a reduction of their driving ability. Texting while driving causes an overload of information on a person’s visual, cognitive, and manual brain functions(8). This means that a person’s brain becomes very over encumbered with information that can make seemingly easy tasks become much more difficult.Also, texting while driving causes impaired visual scanning, impaired ability to react appropriately, and impaired situation awareness(8). Impaired visual scanning simply means a person may not se e someone pulling out or braking if they are texting while driving. An inexperienced driver should always have their eyes on the road so they can be fully aware of what is happening around them. Every time a teen gets behind the wheel, they need to be alert, and proactive in preventing accidents. Teens should not only be able to see what is in their lane, but be aware of the traffic coming toward them. Next, impaired ability to react appropriately means a person may not react to a changing traffic light and cause an accident. Many instances can arise that may cause the driver to react appropriately in a timely fashion. It could be another car, a pedestrian or even an animal crossing the road. Lastly, impaired situation awareness may influence a person to make a wrong decision such as running a stop sign. Texting and driving makes a person need more time to react to different circumstances that could happen while driving. To send a text when traveling 55 miles per hour, a car can travel one hundred yards, the length of a football field, before the person will look up (9). This is a very dangerous habit that is proved by the football field statistic. â€Å"Also as Partridge said, ‘Put it down and drive the vehicle. It only takes a second to takes someone’s life’† (Czebiniak). This is a breathtaking statement. Another example is an average text takes about six seconds to send; four point six of the seconds will be spent without looking at the road(Bernstein). This shows that even if a person thinks they are a skilled driver, they cannot drive without seeing the road. â€Å" As Dr. Geoffrey Steinberg said, ’DWT is like driving blindfolded’† (9). This shows that a person has very little control over their car while texting and driving.According to the researchers, parents are a frequent recipient of these texts, which often share where and what the teen is doing. It’s important for parents to know where their children are and what they are doing but they need to make sure they are texting them before they start the car to drive. (8) Finally, the most important and life-changing effects are the economic effects. Many different states are placing fines on texting now; this has changed in the past ten years. The laws may need to become stricter for teenagers to take the penalties more seriously. â€Å"Many states still only charge a fine for causing a death while texting and driving† (9). This shows laws are still not nearly as strict as they should be.â€Å"If a person crashes their car while texting, it can increase the severity of damage because head on crashes are more likely and the person driving will have to pay for damage to both cars as well as the medical expenses from the injuries† (Gardner). Charges are being brought to drivers that are texting while driving. It can be a loss of their driver’s license and repeated offences can bring about more severe punishment. Also, if there is a death involved during the crash, homicide charges can be brought up on the person and it may consist o f jail time and court costs.Eighteen states and the District of Columbia have passed laws banning texting while driving. Nine states prohibit teenagers from texting while driving (5). Senator Charles Schumer of New York introduced legislation that withhold twenty-five percent of federal highway funding if a state does not put into effect some type of texting ban (5). .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 , .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 .postImageUrl , .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 , .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481:hover , .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481:visited , .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481:active { border:0!important; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481:active , .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481 .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1f1b4b35abd460034d05b86ab2f95481:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Distracted Driving On The Rise Essayâ€Å"The Chief of Oxford Police Partridge described how a man reacted after hitting a pedestrian, ‘He realized he was texting while driving, dropped his phone, and took off’†. The man that was hit, Suddarth, died on impact. The man who hit Suddarth may face homicide charges. â€Å"Partridge, the policeman who was on the case stated, ‘I certainly hope this is a wake-up call, especially to anybody who decides to text and drive’† (Czebiniak). Another case was Reggie Shaw. As the source stated, â€Å"Shaw wrecked his car while texting and killed two people† (9). Now, Shaw travels the world educ ating people on the dangers of texting while driving. â€Å"Reggie only spent thirty days in jail, today he would spend fifteen years in jail† (9). This shows that restrictions used to be too lackadaisical, but now penalties are starting to become more strict and enforced. â€Å"’Texting drivers are easy to spot. Like drunken drivers, theyre the ones going too slow or too fast, or weaving’, says Gregory Massak, ‘the police chief of Shirley, Mass. Theyre concentrating more on than on driving.’†(5) It is easy to see why teens would text and drive because it is the way they communicate with each other. One source stated, â€Å"40% of teens have ridden with someone using a phone† (Genachowski). However, the negative effects brought on by texting and driving outweigh the benefits of being able to communicate while a person is driving. â€Å"In the last year, there have been 100,000 crashes which involved texting while driving†(Genachowski). All of those wrecks were preventable, because they were caused by someone not following the rules. One in six fatal crashes are caused by distracted driving(9).The physical, mental, and economic effects that texting and driving can cause can be detrimental to all that are involved. One source said,† Texting while driving is the most death provoking action to do while driving† (Bernstein). This statement shows that texting while driving is not a problem people should laugh about; this is a serious and even life-threaten ing problem. Teenagers need to realize, through parent and peer education, that the responsibility of driving a vehicle is extremely important. It should be taken seriously at all times and the main focus while driving should be keeping the car on the road. Texting can cause a teenager their own life as well as the lives of others. Teenagers need to lead by example and refuse to text and drive. The motto parents should teach each teenager should have is â€Å"On the road, off the phone† (Genachowski). Teenagers need to realize whatever they need to say or what someone else needs to tell them can wait until they park the car and can look at their phone. Works Cited Bernstein, Racheal. â€Å"Text Messaging Laws and the Effects of Texting While Driving.† Vanderbuilt University HealthPsychology. October 2009. Web.1 April 2014. http://healthpsych.psy.vanderbuilt.edu/2009/TextingDriving.htm. Czebiniak,Madasyn. â€Å"Oxford Police Make Arrest in Fatal Hit-and-Run.† The Anniston Star. 26 March 2014: Print. Gardner, Lisa A. â€Å"Wat 2 Do Abt Txt’n and Drv’n (Aka: What to do About the Problem of Texting While Driving?) (Cover Story).† CPCU Ejournal 63.11 (2010): 1. Web. Genachowski, Julius. â€Å" The Dangers of Texting While Driving.† Federal Communication Commision Web. 1 April 2014. http://www.fcc.gov/guides/texting-and-driving.

7 Cases in Which the Name Is Not the Thing

7 Cases in Which the Name Is Not the Thing 7 Cases in Which the Name Is Not the Thing 7 Cases in Which the Name Is Not the Thing By Mark Nichol When referring to an entity anything from an object to an organization writers often confuse the name of the thing for the thing itself. Beware of the following types of composition confusion: 1. â€Å"GRID, an acronym for Generating Renewable Ideas for Development, offers job training for low-income individuals.† The acronym doesn’t offer job training; the organization does, so distinguish between the two, or simply parenthesize the full name by itself: â€Å"GRID (Generating Renewable Ideas for Development) offers job training for low-income individuals.† 2. â€Å"Being an â€Å"environmentalist† conjures images of outdoor concerns like driving a hybrid vehicle, protecting areas of natural beauty, or keeping trash out of landfills.† Being an environmentalist does no such thing; it’s the term itself that inspires the imagery, so make that distinction (and lose the annoying scare quotes): â€Å"The term environmentalist conjures images of outdoor concerns like driving a hybrid vehicle, protecting areas of natural beauty, or keeping trash out of landfills. 3. â€Å"With his talkie debut, as British secret agent Bulldog Drummond (1929), he became the first silent star to become even more popular in sound films than he had been during the silent era.† The sentence refers to the film, not the title character. When discussing the actor, a reference to the character distinct from the title is called for: â€Å"With his talkie debut, as the titular British secret agent in Bulldog Drummond (1929), he became the first silent star to become even more popular in sound films than he had been during the silent era.† 4. â€Å"The pre-emptive offer- a common term in corporate transactions- is hardly new.† The strategy is being equated with the term for it. However, the parenthetical should be worded to demonstrate the difference: â€Å"The pre-emptive offer- that’s a common term in corporate transactions- is hardly new.† 5. â€Å"Give credit to The Grudge remake for inspiring a wave of American versions of Japanese horror films.† Here, the definite article in the movie title is erroneously employed as an article in the framing sentence, but it cannot do double duty. Recast the sentence to include a separate definite article: â€Å"Give credit to the remake of The Grudge for inspiring a wave of American versions of Japanese horror films.† 6. â€Å"Mike is an Eagle Scout, a moniker he wears with pride and satisfaction.† In the initial phrase, â€Å"Eagle Scout† is not a moniker; it’s a type of Boy Scout. The second phrase should be revised to focus on the latter at the expense of the former: â€Å"Mike is an Eagle Scout, and he comports himself as one with pride and satisfaction.† 7. â€Å"Users can choose from any Web site that offers RSS feeds, short for Really Simple Syndication.† â€Å"RSS feeds† is not an abbreviation; the three letters constitute one. Introduce semantic distance between the service and the initialism for it: â€Å"Users can choose from any Web site that offers RSS feeds (RSS is short for Really Simple Syndication).† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:5 Uses of InfinitivesTry to vs. Try andDrama vs. Melodrama

Famous Women in science;Rosalyn Yalow essays

Famous Women in science;Rosalyn Yalow essays Born on July 19, 1921 in New York City was one of the most important American research scientists of the 20th century. Rosalyn Yalow is an inspiration to many men and women for her commitment to the education of science. Despite many challenged she never gave up and excelled in all that she aspired to be. Rosalyn was a fast learner. She was reading before she was in kindergarten and was dedicated to mathematics since she was in seventh grade. When she was at Walton high school a great chemistry teacher, Mr. Mondzak, interested her more in chemistry. However when she went to Hunter college, her interests changed to physics and later on to nuclear physics. Although her passion was science, her family thought it would be more realistic to be an elementary teacher. But after some encouragement from her physics professors, she decided to stick with physics. In September of 1940, one of Rosalyns professors, Dr Jerrold, got her a part time job as a secretary for Dr Rudolf Schoenheimer, a leading biochemist at Colombia Universitys college of Physicians and Surgeons. In February 1941, she transferred jobs to become a teaching assistant in physics at the University of Illinois. Because Rosalyn grew up at a time when women were assumed to be less intellectually qualified than men and were given little access to scientific training, she was the only women of the 400 members, in fact she was the only women there since 1917. (http://pubs.acs.org) Rosalyn realized that it was unlikely that good graduate schools would admit a woman interested in science, much less a Jewish woman. But on December 7, 1941 the events that happened at Pearl Harbor had a great influence on Women in science. As men were drafted into the military, many universities began accepting women into graduate programs rather than close the schools. (http://pubs.acs.org) As Rosalyn continued research on n ...

The Desirability of Engagement Strategies in the 21st Century Essay

The Desirability of Engagement Strategies in the 21st Century - Essay Example An accurate definition of ‘engagement’ is needed in order to identify its actual importance to organisations and employees (Torrington, Hall, & Taylor, 2008). However, the best definition depends on the specific circumstances and features of the organisation. MacLeod defines engagement as a process of building ‘mutual respect in the workplace’ (MacLeod & Clarke, 2009, p. 6). He believes that engagement is not only beneficial to the organisation or the employees, but to the nation as a whole. MacLeod views employee engagement as an organisational or corporate strategy intended to make sure that the members of the organisation are committed to its objectives and ideals, driven to contribute to the success of the organisation, and are simultaneously capable of improving their self-respect. The 2012 CIPD Report stated that there are two forms of engagement, namely, emotional and transactional. Emotional engagement takes place when individuals genuinely identify with their organisation and job. It occurs when employees are driven by the desire to perform well at work. On the other hand, transactional engagement refers to a two-way relationship. It appears to be about acknowledging the dynamic involvement of all members of a relationship (e.g. employer and employee). Basically, engagement is characterised as a psychological condition that involves an affective and cognitive aspect, or, feeling and thinking, respectively. Basically, work engagement is a constructive affective and cognitive condition that is stimulated and tends to lead to motivated attitude and behaviour at work (Armstrong, 2006). According to Lucas and colleagues (2007), engagement is a... Employee engagement has been correlated in different studies to greater innovation and efficiency, lower turnover and number of absences, higher earnings per share, and so on. For example, the study of Corporate Leadership Council (CLC) reported that organisations with a well engaged workforce progress more rapidly than companies with disengaged employees. Likewise, the study of Towers Watson discovered that companies with high levels of engagement experienced an increase in net profit margin and operating margin. Company studies also emphasise correlations between organisational outcome and engagement. The 2005 ISR research reported that organisations with low engagement levels experienced a decline in operating margin and net profit over a 3-year period. The Hay Group reported that specialised service companies with high levels of employee engagement were significantly more efficient. Stanford University reports that employee engagement leads to substantial organisational advantage s. Gallup studies found out that engaged employees are more likely to remain in the organisation, more efficient, and friendlier to customers.

Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 35

Marketing - Assignment Example Each marketing manager can use these variables in a distinctive manner as per his desire or market requirement (Kotler, 2003). For example if Pepsi’s marketing mix is considered its product is a drink that is aimed at thirst need of humans, its pricing is quite affordable which varies with variety of SKUs (stock keeping units). Its place strategy is based on the  vast distribution network that is aimed at making Pepsi available in every other store, shop and majority of restaurants. The promotional strategy that Pepsi uses consists of variety of promotional tools such as advertising, public relations, sponsorships, personal selling, and sales promotion. Marketing environment is the environment in which any organization operates. There are variable forces inside and outside the organization that affects an organization’s performance. These factors can either be close to the organization which are referred as micro-environment factors or can be larger societal factors referred as macro-environment factors. Micro-environment includes an organization’s customers, competitors, distributors, suppliers where as the macro-environment factors include political, legal, social, technological forces that affect an organizations external operating environment. BCG matrix tends to categorize different products either in a portfolio or product line in terms of their market share and growth. There are four classifications in BCG matrix namely stars, cash cows, dogs and question marks. Stars are the ones that have high share and high growth such as Android or You Tube. Secondly, Cash cows are the ones that have high share but lo growth such as Google. Thirdly dogs are the ones with low share and low growth such as Orkut or Diet Coke. Lastly, Question marks are those that enjoy high growth but have low share such as Google

The Role of Engineer in Nation Building Essay Example for Free

The Role of Engineer in Nation Building Essay Why should a privileged person help an underprivileged person? As the definition suggests that the privileged person is someone who is having the special rights, advantages or immunities or having the rare opportunity to do something that brings particular pleasure. On the other hand the unprivileged person is someone who is not enjoying the same standard of living or rights as the majority of the people in the society. So in a socio economic point of view the presence of both the class cannot be ignored but with proper ratio. A society can’t only have one of the two to improve or else we can say the wheel of the society can’t be moved freely without the presence of the two but of course there should be a proper balance between these two. The law of the nature says that the stream flows from the top to bottom likewise the privileged person should come and hold the hand of the underprivileged person to move the society in a proper pace. Now it’s the time to think of the human values and morality of a human being if he/she is gifted with some advantages or right then it’s the duty of them to come and help the people who are deprived of. On the other hand the underprivileged person should be thankful and have sense of gratitude for the person whom he/she is grateful in any sense be it money, values or spiritualism. Even Mahatma Gandhi told this in another aspect such as: I want to write many new things but they all must be written on Indian state. I would gladly borrow from the west when I can return the amount with decent interest. So borrowing things from others is not a crime but one should not forget about to return with something greater to the person whom he/she is grateful to. This is a cycle of civilization and one can’t break the chain. The society is mixed with people and cultures, one should be aware of the fact that everybody is equally important and they should help each other to form a warm and healthy atmosphere to live for the next generations to come. Even the Nobel Laureate Amartya Sen in his book The Idea of Justice (2009) explained that ideal democracy demands to take from the rich and use honestly and wisely for the people. Moreover, Sen notes that in famines only a very small proportion of the population is affected—much less than 10%. Political pressure from this group alone would not be enough to force a democratic government to respond. It is the pressure from the non-suffering members of society that makes the difference. But if government officials in democracies don’t care about the starving unless they are threatened with a loss of power, why do members of the population who are not starving care about the starving? It seems that if compassion or solidarity moves non-starving citizens to advocate for famine victims, it would move government officials to respond to the famine. Even Bentham and Mill explained that west democracy instills an idea for the greatest good of the largest number. M.K.Gandhi denies the principle and said that it should be greatest good for all. So on a nutshell we can conclude that for maintaining a true democracy it is the need of an hour to help unprivileged people for the greatest good of the civilization.

Personal Reading Study :: English Literature

Personal Reading Study Personal Reading Study – â€Å"Cry Freedom† by John Briley Q: Choose a novel in which a relationship between two different characters is developed. Show how the developing relationship between Steve Biko and Donald Woods explores the theme of racism and how the novel portrays the effects of racism in South African society. In your answer you must refer closely to the text and to the themes explored, characterisation and Key incidents. â€Å"And towards that day, when the isolation that creates hostility becomes the closeness that permits friendship, let us join in the song of South Africa†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As the above quotation suggests ‘Cry Freedom’ by John Briley, is a fascinating study of the real life relationship between Donald Woods and Steve Biko. The author employs a variety of literary techniques to demonstrate how two very different men with disparate lifestyles become close, and how their relationship develops under complex circumstances. In my essay I will show how the relationship between Steve Biko and Donald Woods develops and I will also explore the portrayal of the theme of racism and the effects it has on the society in which it exists. Briley portrays this through his characterisation, the themes explored and the key incidents throughout the novel. John Briley has successfully engaged my interest in the developing relationship between the two protagonists. Before their first meeting I believe that Donald Woods was not very sure of what he thought of blacks in South Africa and how much freedom they should be allowed to have. It seems to me that Donald Woods, as a white liberal and an editor contradicted himself many times. An example of this is, â€Å"He did not believe blacks should be given the full right to vote.† But a few sentences later there is a quotation saying, â€Å"When he caught the Government violating those basic ethical premises, he struck at them with a pen so sharp and so precise that his paper was quoted from one end of South Africa to the other.† I believe that in these quotations Woods contradicts himself as he believes blacks should not be given the full right to vote yet when he caught the Government violating those ‘basic’ ethical premises he would argue with them. It seems to me that Woods is not too sure what he believes is acceptable for blacks, and how far they should be allowed to go in the justice system. Furthermore, before their first meeting Woods did not approve of Biko’s black consciousness principles. He believed that Biko’s principles were all about black prejudice and that he did not want everything to be fair in South Africa but instead to be the way the

Second Foundation 3. Two Men and a Peasant

Rossem is one of those marginal worlds usually neglected in Galactic history and scarcely ever obtruding itself upon the notice of men of the myriad happier planets. In the latter days of the Galactic Empire, a few political prisoners had inhabited its wastes, while an observatory and a small Naval garrison served to keep it from complete desertion. Later, in the evil days of strife, even before the time of Hari Seldon, the weaker sort of men, tired of the periodic decades of insecurity and danger; weary of sacked planets and a ghostly succession of ephemeral emperors making their way to the Purple for a few wicked, fruitless years – these men fled the populated centers and sought shelter in the barren nooks of the Galaxy. Along the chilly wastes of Rossem, villages huddled. Its sun was a small ruddy niggard that clutched its dribble of heat to itself, while snow beat thinly down for nine months of the year. The tough native grain lay dormant in the soil those snow-filled months, then grew and ripened in almost panic speed, when the sun's reluctant radiation brought the temperature to nearly fifty. Small, goatlike animals cropped the grasslands, kicking the thin snow aside with tiny, tri-hooved feet. The men of Rossem had, thus, their bread and their milk – and when they could spare an animal – even their meat. The darkly ominous forests that gnarled their way over half of the equatorial region of the planet supplied a tough, fine-grained wood for housing. This wood, together with certain furs and minerals, was even worth exporting, and the ships of the Empire came at times and brought in exchange farm machinery, atomic heaters, even televisor sets. The last was not really incongruous, for the long winter imposed a lonely hibernation upon the peasant. Imperial history flowed past the peasants of Rossem. The trading ships might bring news in impatient spurts; occasionally new fugitives would arrive – at one time, a relatively large group arrived in a body and remained – and these usually had news of the Galaxy. It was then that the Rossemites learned of sweeping battles and decimated populations or of tyrannical emperors and rebellious viceroys. And they would sigh and shake their heads, and draw their fur collars closer about their bearded faces as they sat about the village square in the weak sun and philosophized on the evil of men. Then after a while, no trading ships arrived at all, and life grew harder. Supplies of foreign, soft food, of tobacco, of machinery stopped. Vague word from scraps gathered on the televisor brought increasingly disturbing news. And finally it spread that Trantor had been sacked. The great capital world of all the Galaxy, the splendid, storied, unapproachable and incomparable home of the emperors had been despoiled and ruined and brought to utter destruction. It was something inconceivable, and to many of the peasants of Rossem, scratching away at their fields, it might well seem that the end of the Galaxy was at hand. And then one day not unlike other days a ship arrived again. The old men of each village nodded wisely and lifted their old eyelids to whisper that thus it had been in their father's time – but it wasn't, quite. This ship was not an Imperial ship. The glowing Spaceship-and-Sun of the Empire was missing from its prow. It was a stubby affair made of scraps of older ships – and the men within called themselves soldiers of Tazenda. The peasants were confused. They had not heard of Tazenda, but they greeted the soldiers nevertheless in the traditional fashion of hospitality. The newcomers inquired closely as to the nature of the planet, the number of its inhabitants, the number of its cities – a word mistaken by the peasants to mean â€Å"villages† to the confusion of all concerned – its type of economy and so on. Other ships came and proclamations were issued all over the world that Tazenda was now the ruling world, that tax-collecting stations would be established girdling the equator – the inhabited region – that percentages of grain and furs according to certain numerical formulae would be collected annually. The Rossemites had blinked solemnly, uncertain of the word â€Å"taxes.† When collection time came, many had paid, or had stood by in confusion while the uniformed, other-wordlings loaded the harvested corn and the pelts on to the broad ground-cars. Here and there indignant peasants banded together and brought out ancient hunting weapons – but of this nothing ever came. Grumblingly they had disbanded when the men of Tazenda came and with dismay watched their hard struggle for existence become harder. But a new equilibrium was reached. The Tazendian governor lived dourly in the village of Gentri, from which all Rossemites were barred. He and the officials under him were dim otherworld beings that rarely impinged on the Rossemite ken. The tax-farmers, Rossemites in the employ of Tazenda, came periodically, but they were creatures of custom now – and the peasant had learned how to hide his grain and drive his cattle into the forest, and refrain from having his hut appear too ostentatiously prosperous. Then with a dull, uncomprehending expression he would greet all sharp questioning as to his assets by merely pointing at what they could see. Even that grew less, and taxes decreased, almost as If Tazenda wearied of extorting pennies from such a world. Trading sprang up and perhaps Tazenda found that more profitable. The men of Rossem no longer received in exchange the polished creations of the Empire, but even Tazendian machines and Tazendian food was better than the native stuff. And there were clothes for the women of other than gray home-spun, which was a very important thing. So once again, Galactic history glided past peacefully enough, and the peasants scrabbIed life out of the hard soil. Narovi blew into his beard as he stepped out of his cottage. The first snows were sifting across the hard ground and the sky was a dull, overcast pink. He squinted carefully upward and decided that no real storm was in sight. He could travel to Gentri without much trouble and get rid of his surplus grain in return for enough canned foods to last the winter. He roared back through the door, which he opened a crack for the purpose: â€Å"Has the car been fed its fuel, yunker?† A voice shouted from within, and then Narovi's oldest son, his short, red beard not yet completely outgrown its boyish sparseness, joined him. â€Å"The car,† he said, sullenly, â€Å"is fueled and rides well, but for the bad condition of the axles. For that I am of no blame. I have told you it needs expert repairs.† The old man stepped back and surveyed his son through lowering eyebrows, then thrust his hairy chin outward: â€Å"And is the fault mine? Where and in what manner may I achieve expert repairs? Has the harvest then been anything but scanty for five years? Have my herds escaped the pest? Have the pelts climbed of themselves-â€Å" â€Å"Narovi!† The well-known voice from within stopped him in mid-word. He grumbled, â€Å"Well, well – and now your mother must insert herself into the affairs of a father and his son. Bring out the car, and see to it that the storage trailers are securely attached.† He pounded his gloved hands together, and looked upward again. The dimly-ruddy clouds were gathering and the gray sky that showed in the rifts bore no warmth. The sun was hidden. He was at the point of looking away, when his dropping eyes caught and his finger almost automatically rose on high while his mouth fell open in a shout, in complete disregard of the cold air. â€Å"Wife,† he called vigorously, â€Å"Old woman – come here.† An indignant head appeared at a window. The woman's eyes followed his finger, gaped. With a cry, she dashed down the wooden stairs, snatching up an old wrap and a square of linen as she went. She emerged with the linen wrapped insecurely over her head and ears, and the wrap dangling from her shoulders. She snuffled: â€Å"It is a ship from outer space.† And Narovi remarked impatiently: â€Å"And what else could it be? We have visitors, old woman, visitors!† The ship was sinking slowly to a landing on the bare frozen field in the northern portions of Narovi's farm. â€Å"But what shall we do?† gasped the woman. â€Å"Can we offer these people hospitality? Is the dirt floor of our hovel to be theirs and the pickings of last week's hoecake?† â€Å"Shall they then go to our neighbors?† Narovi purpled past the crimson induced by the cold and his arms in their sleek fur covering lunged out and seized the woman's brawny shoulders. â€Å"Wife of my soul,† he purred, â€Å"you will take the two chairs from our room downstairs; you will see that a fat youngling is slaughtered and roasted with tubers; you will bake a fresh hoecake. I go now to greet these men of power from outer space†¦ and†¦ and-† He paused, placed his great cap awry, and scratched hesitantly. â€Å"Yes, I shall bring my jug of brewed grain as well. Hearty drink is pleasant.† The woman's mouth had flapped idly during this speech. Nothing came out. And when that stage passed, it was only a discordant screech that issued. Narovi lifted a finger, â€Å"Old woman, what was it the village Elders said a se'nnight since? Eh? Stir your memory. The Elders went from farm to farm – themselves! Imagine the importance of it! – to ask us that should any ships from outer space land, they were to be informed immediately on the orders of the governor. â€Å"And now shall I not seize the opportunity to win into the good graces of those in power? Regard that ship. Have you ever seen its like? These men from the outer worlds are rich, great. The governor himself sends such urgent messages concerning them that the Elders walk from farm to farm in the cooling weather. Perhaps the message is sent throughout all Rossem that these men are greatly desired by the Lords of Tazenda – and it is on my farm that they are landing.† He fairly hopped for anxiety, â€Å"The proper hospitality now – the mention of my name to the governor – and what may not be ours?† His wife was suddenly aware of the cold biting through her thin house-clothing. She leaped towards the door, shouting over her shoulders, â€Å"Leave then quickly.† But she was speaking to a man who was even then racing towards the segment of the horizon against which the ship sank. *** Neither the cold of the world, nor its bleak, empty spaces worried General Han Pritcher. Nor the poverty of their surroundings, nor the perspiring peasant himself. What did bother him was the question of the wisdom of their tactics? He and Channis were alone here. The ship, left in space, could take care of itself in ordinary circumstances, but still, he felt unsafe. It was Channis, of course, who was responsible for this move. He looked across at the young man and caught him winking cheerfully at the gap in the furred partition, in which a woman's peeping eyes and gaping mouth momentarily appeared. Channis, at least, seemed completely at ease. That fact Pritcher savored with a vinegary satisfaction. His game had not much longer to proceed exactly as he wished it. Yet, meanwhile their wrist ultrawave sender-receivers were their only connection with the ship. And then the peasant host smiled enormously and bobbed his head several times and said in a voice oily with respect, â€Å"Noble Lords, I crave leave to tell you that my eldest son – a good, worthy lad whom my poverty prevents from educating as his wisdom deserves – has informed me that the Elders will arrive soon. I trust your stay here has been as pleasant as my humble means – for I am poverty-stricken, though a hard-working, honest, and humble farmer, as anyone here will tell you – could afford.† â€Å"Elders?† said Channis, lightly. â€Å"The chief men of the region here?† â€Å"So they are, Noble Lords, and honest, worthy men all of them, for our entire village is known throughout Rossem as a just and righteous spot – though living is hard and the returns of the fields and forests meager. Perhaps you will mention to the Elders, Noble Lords, of my respect and honor for travelers and it may happen that they will request a new motor wagon for our household as the old one can scarcely creep and upon the remnant of it depends our livelihood.† He looked humbly eager and Han Pritcher nodded with the properly aloof condescension required of the role of â€Å"Noble, Lords† bestowed upon them. â€Å"A report of your hospitality shall reach the ears of your Elders.† Pritcher seized the next moments of isolation to speak to the apparently half-sleeping Channis. â€Å"I am not particularly fond of this meeting of the Elders,† he said. â€Å"Have you any thoughts on the subject?† Channis seemed surprised. â€Å"No. What worries you?† â€Å"It seems we have better things to do than to become conspicuous here.' Channis spoke hastily, in a low monotoned voice: â€Å"It may be necessary to risk becoming conspicuous in our next moves. We won't find the type of men we want, Pritcher, by simply reaching out a hand into a dark bag and groping. Men who rule by tricks of the mind need not necessarily be men in obvious power. In the first place, the psychologists of the Second Foundation are probably a very small minority of the total population, just as on your own First Foundation, the technicians and scientists formed a minority. The ordinary inhabitants are probably just that – very ordinary. The psychologists may even be well hidden, and the men in the apparently ruling position, may honestly think they are the true masters. Our solution to that problem may be found here on this frozen lump of a planet.† â€Å"I don't follow that at all.† â€Å"Why, see here, it's obvious enough. Tazenda is probably a huge world of millions or hundreds of millions. How could we identify the psychologists among them and be able to report truly to the Mule that we have located the Second Foundation? But here, on this tiny peasant world and subject planet, an the Tazendian rulers, our host informs us, are concentrated in their chief village of Gentri. There may be only a few hundred of them there, Pritcher, and among them must be one or more of the men of the Second Foundation. We will go there eventually, but let us see the Elders first – it's a logical step on the way.† They drew apart easily, as their black-bearded host tumbled into the room again, obviously agitated. â€Å"Noble Lords, the Elders are arriving. I crave leave to beg you once more to mention a word, perhaps, on my behalf-† He almost bent double in a paroxysm of fawning. â€Å"We shall certainly remember you,† said Channis. â€Å"Are these your Elders?† They apparently were. There were three. One approached. He bowed with a dignified respect and said: â€Å"We are honored. Transportation has been provided, Respected sirs, and we hope for the pleasure of your company at our Meeting Hall.† Third Interlude The First Speaker gazed wistfully at the night sky. Wispy clouds scudded across the faint stargleams. Space looked actively hostile. It was cold and awful at best but now it contained that strange creature, the Mule, and the very content seemed to darken and thicken it into ominous threat. The meeting was over. It had not been long. There had been the doubts and questionings inspired by the difficult mathematical problem of dealing with a mental mutant of uncertain makeup. All the extreme permutations had had to be considered. Were they even yet certain? Somewhere in this region of space – within reaching distance as Galactic spaces go – was the Mule. What would he do? It was easy enough to handle his men. They reacted – and were reacting – according to plan. But what of the Mule himself?

Maslow’s Theory of Personality

Maslow’s served as one of the most influential theorists in his field. He proposed a more simple and appealing theory wchich acted against reductionism and instead proposed a more holistic approach for personality research. Maslow’s theory of personality is based on a theory of motivation, characterized by a particular hierarchy of need and an end product of self-actualization which follows after all the needs have been satisfied. The Theory of Motivation, human behavior is influenced by basic needs. These needs are   ordered in a hierarchy which indicates which of these needs is the most urgent and accordingly which has to be satisfied before a higher need can be catered to. These needs are (1) physiological needs; (2) safety needs; (3) belonging needs; (4) esteem needs; and (5) self-actualization. Consequently, self-actualization, being the last of the stages is reached when all needs are fulfilled. However, achievement of this state is not fixed, it is still a process of development which is always continuous. Self-actualization signifies that the individual has reached and fulfilled all of his potentials, talents and competencies (Boeree). In line with this, the subject for this topic would be Oprah Winfrey. Oprah Winfrey came from an extremely poor family, daughter of a housemaid and a soldier. She lived her childhood in extreme poverty and was often teased by other children due to poverty and her racial background. First, her basic physiological needs, were poorly catered to because of extreme poverty. However, her strong will and character enabled her to attain her safety, belonging and esteem needs. And her status right now as one of the most successful women in the world is a manifestation of a successful self-actualization (A Biography). In self-actualizing an individual, there are three character traits that together shall define a new personality type. First, perception and experience is an integral part of molding a person. His eagerness to discover new things and learn new ideas shall contribute largely to the development of his personality and potentials. Another, in self-actualization, an individual must have a spontaneous attitude in expressing their thoughts and ideas. He must be natural and must have an attitude of general acceptance towards other people and to himself. And lastly, to fully attain self-actualization, individuals must have a sense of belongingness towards the whole society. They should be able to become friendly and empathic to other people’s feelings and idea and capable of creating harmonious interpersonal relationship to people outside his intimate friends. Oprah Winfrey, in her own way had undergone her own self-actualizing process. Her life experiences were manifestations of her successful attainment of her potentials and competencies. First, she was always open to changes, new ideas and experiences. Since her childhood, she had welcomed her potentials and worked hard to develop it. Further, she has always been liberal minded and true to her opinions and thoughts. She was one of the strongest individuals who weren’t afraid to voice out their opinion. And lastly, her commitment to the community and her developed empathy towards other people equipped her to become attached to the community. Thus, personality development is a holistic process. It takes into account physical, mental and emotional needs. And it encompasses personal growth, and goes beyond growth that is attributed with an individual’s ability to reach out to the society in general. References Boeree, C. George. Abraham Maslow. Retrieved November 8, 2007 from http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/maslow.html Heylighen, Francis. A Cognitive-Systematic Reconstruction of Maslow’s Theory of Self-Actualization. Retrieved November 8, 2007 A Biography: Oprah Winfrey. Retrieved November 8, 207 from http://oprah.urbanhustler.com/biography/   

Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray Essays

Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray Essays Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray Paper Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray Paper Essay Topic: Call of the Wild Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Into the Wild Literature The Picture of Dorian Gray Oscar Wildes The Picture of Dorian Gray tells the story of corruption and how it can easily spread. It focuses strongly on art and decadence and it definitely alludes to degeneration and decay throughout. Characters, especially Dorian Gray, often focus on beauty as the leading quality in the world. He also forms a double life, much like Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, in the sense that has a more civilized public life with a malicious, corrupt secret life full of sin. One of the major gothic topics displayed in this text portrays civilizations lapse into corruption and barbarism while seeming still civilized on the surface. The story begins with Basil Hallward, a somewhat successful artist, painting a portrait of Dorian Gray. Basil completely worships the beautiful, pure, young Dorian Gray, and in fact even admits it to his close friend, Lord Henry. Basil paints such a vivid picture of Dorian that he convinces himself that he has put some of his own soul into the piece. This alludes to the somewhat supernatural qualities of the painting. Basil explicitly explains that he doesnt want Henry spoiling Dorian Gray, but nonetheless fails to prevent the two from meeting. Lord Henry immediately starts exerting his infectious influence on Dorian Gray. Dorian is astonished at how beautiful he looks in the portrait, but instantly starts to panic with his newfound Lord Henry outlook: Lord Henry Wotton is perfectly right. Youth is the only thing worth having. When I find that I am growing old, I shall kill myself' (26). After meeting Henry, Dorian sees the portrait as a mockery and immediately wishes for it to age and decay in his stead. This incident marks the beginning of Dorian Grays downward spiral into corruption and malice. Another intriguing detail to note about this quote relates to its foreshadowing content. Dorian mentions killing himself, which he ultimately does at the conclusion of the plot. He attains everlasting youth and beauty and still ends up slaying himself, only to return to a decayed hideous form. Dorian Grays first major act of tyranny pertains to his first love, Sibyl Vane. Sibyl Vane dazzles her audience and captivates Dorian Gray with her marvelously whimsical performances on the stage. Dorian becomes infatuated with her acting as an art, rather than her as an actual person. Sibyl, much like Dorian prior to corruption, is innocent and naive towards real life and real emotions. She lives her life through the stage and feels more alive as her characters than she does in the real world. Dorian, Dorian, she cried, before I knew you, acting was the one reality of my life. It was only in the theatre that I lived. (74). After coming into contact with Dorian, she realizes true love and begins to see her true world on the theatre as nothing more than a farce. Her realization of authentic emotions corrupts her art and she no longer possesses her beautiful eminence. The corrupting taint that eventually encompasses the life of Dorian Gray begins to manifest itself with the ruining of Sibyl Vane. Sibyls inability to continue her marvelous performances on stage infuriates Dorian Gray and he breaks her heart by basically calling her worthless. He leaves the girl with nothing but his harsh words. This devastating incident causes Sibyl Vane to commit suicide, and the first stain of degeneration that should have marked Dorian Gray, shows up on his portrait instead. The Picture of Dorian Gray contains several interesting incidents of foreshadowing. Basil remarks to Lord Henry quite early on in the story that Dorians good looks will most likely cause severe tragedy in the future. Indeed, I should be sorry to look like him. You shrug your shoulders? I am telling you the truth. There is a fatality about all physical and intellectual distinction, the sort of fatality that seems to dog through history the faltering steps of kings (7). Obviously this premonition by Basil comes true as Dorians looks eventually become the sole driving motivation for his vindictive actions, and eventually drive him to self-destruction. The other intriguing note is that Basil claims to have put himself in the portrait of Dorian Gray. Thus one could derive that this indicates a similarity to Dorian and could explain his demise as well. Another part of the novel that seemed so dreadfully obvious that I almost pinpointed its exact occurrence, pertains to Basils untimely murder by Dorian Gray. The story reveals on page one that Basil would most likely be murdered, and since Dorian Gray is the protagonist, I assumed that he would be the executioner. Basil Hallward, whose sudden disappearance some years ago, caused at the time, such public excitement, and gave rise to so many strange conjectures (1). Oscar Wilde would not have put this line into the text if we were meant to presume that Basil would eventually pass away peacefully due to old age. A sudden disappearance in a gothic story typically alludes to a murder or death. As for the actual assassination scene in the novel, Wilde spent time describing the particular night just prior to the incident, as a cold, foggy night and mentions that Dorian tries to avoid interacting with Basil in several ways. This attempt at avoidance already brings about a sense of tension. Once inside the mansion Basil repeatedly irritates Dorian with preaching which helps to increase the anxiety. Basil reveals that he was meant to catch a train to Paris later that night and points out that he has missed it. This provides Dorian Gray with an alibi as well as a period of time before Basils disappearance will be noticed. Dorian becomes increasingly agitated until he eventually sets the series of events into motion with a crazed sensation: A bitter laugh of mockery broke from the lips of the younger man. You shall see it yourself, to-night! he cried, seizing a lamp from the table. Come: it is your handiwork. Why shouldnt you look at it? (129). This quote shows that Dorian blames Basil for the corruption as well as Dorians malicious determination to suddenly show it to him. Dorian had always been dreadfully frightened at the notion of someone seeing the corruption of his dual life, and yet with the increased confrontation almost instantaneously determines to show Basil. Once Basil naively agrees to follow Dorian, I knew that he would soon meet his demise. No living soul has ever seen the corrupted version of Dorians portrait aside from Dorian, and it seemed highly likely that it was going to remain that way. Dorian Gray continually attempts to maintain a civilized front in his public life despite his increasingly tarnished dual life of sin. The magical properties of the portrait allowed his true self to be hidden on the canvas while he paraded around in a beautiful serene guise known to the public. He continually endeavors to maintain his fraudulent civilized appearance by dressing luxuriously as an aristocrat and attending fancy dinner parties with other civilized people. And yet his true contaminated self persistently acted out in barbarous ways. He murders Basil Hawthorne in a barbaric rampage, and then attempts to cover up the entire incident by blackmailing a former colleague, Alan Campbell, whose life has been ruined by Dorians corrupting influence. This wicked deed for self preservation forced upon Alan eventually places so much pressure on Alan that he eventually commits suicide, thus bringing the known Gray murder rate to a total of three. Dorian enjoys the malevolent sensation in private and feels the pleasure of his barbaric double life. Eventually Dorian Gray requires frequent trips to the opium dens of London to erase the barbaric incidents from the mind of his untainted body. Although the corrupted incidents remain as physical memoirs on the portrait that reflects Dorians secret barbaric dual life, the opium attempts to wipe clean the mind of the pure, civilized life represented by the physical body that he shows to the public. When Dorian finally confronts his savage life and attempts to dispose of the portrait by barbaric means, the two lives merge and Dorian ends up killing himself via the same means as he murdered Basil. The civilized life is ended while attempting to end the barbarous life, showing which one truly prevailed.